Dari Hoaks hingga Empati: Psikologi Sosial di Tengah Pandemi COVID-19
Abstract
Pandemi COVID-19 bukan hanya krisis kesehatan, tetapi juga fenomena sosial yang kompleks, memengaruhi cara individu berinteraksi, memproses informasi, dan membentuk perilaku. Studi literatur ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dinamika psikologi sosial selama pandemi, dengan fokus pada dua fenomena yang kontras: penyebaran hoaks dan meningkatnya empati sosial. Metode yang digunakan adalah tinjauan pustaka terhadap artikel, jurnal, dan laporan penelitian yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2020–2024. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa penyebaran hoaks dipicu oleh kecemasan kolektif, rendahnya literasi media, dan pengaruh norma kelompok, sedangkan empati sosial tumbuh melalui narasi solidaritas, identifikasi kelompok, dan pengalaman bersama menghadapi krisis. Analisis ini menegaskan bahwa perilaku sosial selama pandemi dipengaruhi oleh interaksi faktor psikologis, sosial, dan kultural. Temuan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar bagi intervensi sosial-psikologis yang lebih efektif dalam menghadapi krisis kesehatan global di masa depan.
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